ROKAT BELIUNEH: ANTARA BUDAYA DAN SYARIAT ISLAM (Studi Analisis Budaya di Desa Ganding Sumenep Madura)

The law does not come in a social vacuum, in fact the law comes when there is social activity. Consequently, every social treatment definitely requires certain laws and rules. Meanwhile, religion exists because it functions as a guide to good and values and keeps away from substantial evil. Therefore, every culture is believed to allow for two opposite things, namely wrong culture and religiously right culture.In considering the Al-Quran and Hadith of the Prophet, Muslims believe that the death of a person is an event that can cut off his good deeds (including bad deeds) except through three things, so that every time someone dies in the village of Ganding there is a habit of praying and giving alms for his family. died with the aim of alleviating the burden of the sins of the deceased and providing good benefits through the Rokat Beliuneh ritual.However, Beliuneh's rokat culture does not have clear adequate references and arguments in both the Koran and the hadits of the Prophet and even the opinions of the scholars, from this it requires proper thinking to combine cultural reality and the substance of religious values if it does not have fatal consequences in the realm of I'tiqadyKeywords : Beliuneh's Rokat, Culture, Islamic La

MUKALLAF SEBAGAI SUBJEK HUKUM DALAM FIQIH JINAYAH

Legal actors in the study of jinayah fiqh are an important part in the further study of jinayah fiqh, as are legal actors in muamalah fiqh, worship, and munakahat which of course cannot be separated from the discussion of mukallaf as the perpetrator of the legal discussion in it, where every law is certain because there are legal actors, or where there are humans (mukallaf) there must be laws resulting from their actions. The importance of the study of mukallaf in this more specific discussion is of course because the perpetrators or legal subjects – if not call it mukallaf – in the context of jinayah fiqh there are some differences in the imposition of taklif when compared to the fiqh of Mawarits, even with the fiqh of worship. Mukallaf in the discussion of jinayah fiqh basically has no difference with other fiqh except in the discussion of the expertyah category wujub al-kamilah. In essence, fiqh is God's law which is based on the absence of burdens on His servants who are beyond the limits of ability

Formal approaches to modelling and verifying resource-bounded agents-state of the art and future prospects

This paper reviews formal approaches to modelling and verifying resource-bounded agents focusing on state of the Art and future prospects

Improving the efficiency of Market Information Analysis Systems using GIS, Polygon and Spatial Databases

An organization's future developments are influenced by its managements' decisions. This can only happen by strengthening research and development strategies. Market monitoring and analyzing systems are designed to provide an organized flow of information to enable and support the marketing activities of an organization. In recent years the development of Market Information Analysis Systems (MIASs) to monitor and control the market has been significantly increased. However, the concept of such systems is not new and has been around for many years. Early systems were paper-based but, with the advancement of computing and information technology these systems have become more electronic and (semi) automated in nature. This paper presents a MIAS for Samsung Company in Iran which uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Polygon, and Spatial Databases as a component to improve the efficiency of market information analysis and monitoring systems. It also reviews the technical capabilities of GIS, Polygon, and Spatial Databases and shows how these capabilities align with accepted elements of MIAS. © 2013 IEEE

Pergaulan dalam Pertunangan dan Khalwat fi Ma’na al-Haml: Studi Budaya Pertunangan di Daerah Madura

This research basically is to find the position of ‘urf as one of the theories that can provide legal changes in an authoritative-inclusive way to fiqh in the word khalwat in the definitive aspects of syar'iyyah in relation to culture of riding with fiancees in the Madura area. As an external consideration in cultural studies, ‘urf is one of the continuous theories with the discussion of adat to determine law in an authoritative-inclusive manner. In this study using a type of field research (field research) because it involves empirical data that views law as a set of behaviors, actions, and reality. In addition, also library research (library research) to obtain data about a norm while reviewing theories with a qualitative approach because it cannot be obtained by mathematical or numerical statistical procedures, so that it can contain about people's lives (culture), history, ethics, social movements , or family system. From the process of analyzing the meaning of khalwat using the theory of ma'na al-haml with the consideration of 'urf in which there are several elements of maslahat, this study concludes that' urf can change the position of Islamic law by combining consideration of several conditions through the process of changing meaning used in redefining the word khalwat. So as to enable culture to be engaged during the engagement period as happened in the Sumenep and Madura communities in general as a consideration of ‘valid urf. Keywords: Relationship in Engagement, ‘Urf, and Madura

Verifying requirements for resource-bounded agents

This thesis presents frameworks for the modelling and verification of resource-bounded reasoning agents. The resources considered include the time, memory, and communication bandwidth required by agents to achieve a goal. The scalability and expressiveness of standard model checking techniques is investigated using two typical multiagent reasoning problems which can be easily parameterised to increase or decrease the problem size. Both a complexity analysis and experimental results suggest that reasonably sized problem instances are unlikely to be tractable for a standard model checker without steps to reduce the branching factor of the state space. We propose two approaches to address this problem: the use of abstract specifications to model the behaviour of some of the agents in the system, and exploiting information about the reasoning strategy adopted by the agents. Abstract specifications are given as Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulae which describe the external behaviour of the agents, allowing their temporal behaviour to be compactly modelled. Conversely, reasoning strategies allow the detailed specification of the ordering of steps in the agent’s reasoning process. Both approaches have been combined in an automated verification tool TVRBA for rule-based multi-agent systems which allows the designer to specify information about agents’ interaction, behaviour, and execution strategy at different levels of abstraction. The TVRBA tool generates an encoding of the system for the Maude LTL model checker, allowing properties of the system to be verified. The scalability of the new approach is illustrated using three case studies

Model checking ontology-driven reasoning agents using strategy and abstraction

We present a framework for the modelling, specification and verification of ontology-driven multi-agent rule-based systems (MASs). We assume that each agent executes in a separate process and that they communicate via message passing. The proposed approach makes use of abstract specifications to model the behaviour of some of the agents in the system, and exploits information about the reasoning strategy adopted by the agents. Abstract specifications are given as Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas which describe the external behaviour of the agents, allowing their temporal behaviour to be compactly modelled. Both abstraction and strategy have been combined in an automated model checking encoding tool Tovrba for rule-based multi-agent systems which allows the system designer to specify information about agents' interaction, behaviour, and execution strategy at different levels of abstraction. The Tovrba tool generates an encoding of the system for the Maude LTL model checker, allowing properties of the system to be verified